Glossary of Terms & Acronyms
AAA - American Automobile
Association www.aaa.com
ABA - American Bus Association www.buses.org
ABT Association of Business Travellers
Accreditation is a process of qualifying,
endorsing, and "licensing" entities that perform certification of
businesses, products, processes, or services.
ACF American Culinary Federation http://www.acfchefs.org
AGA American Gaming Association http://www.americangaming.org
AH&MA American Hotel & Lodging
Association http://www.ahma.com
American Society of Travel Agents - ASTA: Trade association of
retail travel agents.
ASAE - American Society of Association
Executives
ASAE American Society of Association
Executives http://www.asaenet.org/
Assessment is the process of examining,
measuring, testing, or otherwise determining conformance with requirements
specified in an applicable standard (Toth, 2000).
ASTA American Society of Travel
Agents http://www.astanet.com
ATA Air Transport Association http://www.airlines.org/public/home/default1.asp
ATS Adventure Travel Society http://www.adventuretravel.com/Vacation
Attraction
- Any visitor
service or product which tourists would enjoy visiting or using. An attraction may not be an “attractor” but
can still be an attraction. To be
considered an attraction, a product must be: a. Findable (clearly located on maps and street addresses,
and directions provided). If tourists
can’t find the facility, it is not a tourist attraction.
Attractor
- A significant
tourist attraction, which compels visitation.
The primary “must sees” in an area.
The top reasons a tourist would choose to visit this area.
Audit is a systematic, documented, periodic,
and objective evaluation and verification of how well a particular entity
(company, product, program, individual, destination, etc.) is doing compared
with a set of standards.
B&B
- Bed and
Breakfast inn
Benchmarking
is the process of
comparing performance and processes within an industry to assess relative
position against either a set industry standard or against those who are “best
in class” (Synergy, 2000).
Best
Practice(s) is
used to designate highest quality, excellence, or superior practices in a
particular field by a tourism operator.
Biodiversity
means the variety
of live forms, i.e., the different plants, animals, and microorganisms, the
genes they contain, and ecosystems they form.
CAA - Canadian Automobile
Association http://www.caa.ca
Carrying
Capacity - Carrying
capacity refers to
the number of visitors that can adequately be accommodated with existing
infrastructure including lodging, dining, public bathrooms, roads, parking,
etc.
Certification
is a voluntary
procedure that assesses, monitors, and gives written assurance that a business,
product, process, service, or management system conforms to specific
requirements.
Community
is people living
in one place, district, state, or country (NEAP, 2000).
Confidential Tariff: A schedule of wholesale rates distributed in
confidence to travel wholesalers and travel agents.
Consolidator: A person or company which forms groups to travel on air
charters or at group fares on scheduled flights to increase sales, earn
override commissions or reduce the possibility of tour cancellations.
Consumer
Show - A product
showcase for the general public.
Differs from a “Trade Show” as a trade show generally targets industry
professionals.
Conversion
- Getting “heads
in beds” or otherwise closing the sale.
Differs from “hospitality.”
Hospitality is being warm, friendly and helpful. Conversion is active selling.
Cultural
tourism is travel
for the purpose of learning about cultures or aspects of cultures (NEAP, 2000).
Culture
is the sum total
of ways of living by a group of human beings that is transmitted from one
generation to another (NEAP, 2000).
CVB - Convention and Visitors
Bureau. (See also DMO)
Degradation
is any decline in
the quality of natural or cultural resources, or the viability of ecosystems
that is caused directly or indirectly by humans (NEAP, 2000).
Destination
- The end point of
a trip. This can be a town, a resort,
or a stand-along attraction. The place to which a traveler is going; or any city, area,
region or country be marketed as a single entity to tourists.
Destination Marketing Organization (DMO): A company or other
entity involved in the business of increasing tourism to a destination or
improving its public image.
DMC (Destination Management Company): A local company that handles arrangements
for tours, meetings, transportation, etc. for groups originating elsewhere.
DMO (Destination Marketing Organization): A company or other entity involved in the
business of increasing tourism to a destination or improving its public image(such as a convention and visitor
bureau).
DNR - Department of Natural Resources
DOT - Department of Transportation
Eco-labeling
describes a scheme
in which a product or service may be awarded an ecological label on the basis
of its “acceptable” level of environmental impact.
Eco-Management
and Audit System (EMAS) is a voluntary European Union regulation that strengthens ISO 14001 in
key areas including public access and third party verification.
Ecotourism
certification programs
are ones that cover businesses, services, and products that describe themselves
as involved in ecotourism.
Ecotourism
is “responsible
travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the welfare
of local people,” according to The International Ecotourism Society.
Environmental
impact assessment (EIA) is a process of predicting and evaluating the impacts of specific
developments or actions on the environment.
Environmental
impact statement is
the report resulting from an environmental impact assessment.
Environmental
management system (EMS) is part of the overall management system that includes the
organizational structure, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes,
and resources for determining and implementing the environmental policy.
Escort: A person, usually
employed by a tour operator, who accompanies a tour from departure to return as
guide or trouble-shooter, or a person who performs such functions only at the
destination. The terms host-escort
or host are often used, and are preferred, to describe this service.
Escorted Service: A
prearranged travel program, usually for a group, with escort service. Fully escorted tours may also use local
guide services.
ESSTO -
Educational
Seminar for State Travel Officials
Familiarization Trip: A
complimentary or reduced-rate travel program for travel agents, airline or rail
employees or other travel buyers, designed to acquaint participants with
specific destinations or suppliers and to stimulate the sale of travel. Familiarization tours, also called fam
tours, are sometimes offered to journalists as research trips for
the purpose of cultivating media coverage of specific travel products.
FIT - Acronym with multiple meanings. RTM
has seen it used to mean the following: -Foreign individual traveler -Frequent individual traveler -Fully independent traveler - Usually a “FIT Package” will include
lodging, meals, and attractions.
Foreign Independent Travel or Foreign Individual Travel - FIT: An international
pre-paid unescorted tour that includes several travel elements such as
accommodations, rental cars and sightseeing. An FIT operator specializes in
preparing FITs documents at the request of retail travel agents. FITs usually
receive travel vouchers to present to on-site services as verification of
pre-payment.
Fulfillment
Piece - Promotional
literature, video, or other material that is sent in response to an
inquiry. Usually contains full trip
planning information.
Geotourism (1998) - Tourism that
sustains or enhances the geographic character of the place being visited--its
environment, culture, aesthetics,
heritage, and the well-being of its residents
GHA Green Hotels Association http://www.greenhotels.com
GLAMER
- Group Leaders of
America Travel Show http://www.glamer.com
Ground Operator: A
company that provides local travel services, including transportation or guide
services.
Group
Tour and Group Leader – Group Tour: A travel agent type company which plans
motorcoach trips. Group Leader: A small, informal group, such as a church
group, scout troup, or social group.
Usually one person plans the activities for the group. Some travel shows target these planners such
as GLAMER.
Hospitality
- A general term
used in travel & tourism describing the “hospitality industry”; refers to
the general greeting, welcoming, food service, etc.
Hotel Package: A package offered by a hotel, sometimes consisting of no
more than a room and breakfast; sometimes, especially at resort hotels,
consisting of (ground) transportation, room, meals, sports facilities and other
components.
HSMAI -
Hospitality Sales
and Marketing Association International www.hsmai.org
IAAPA International Association of
Amusement Parks & Attractions http://www.iaapa.org
IACC International Association of
Conference Centers http://www.iacconline.com
IACVB International Association of
Convention & Visitor Bureaus http://www.iacvb.org
ICTA Institute of Certified Travel
Agents http://www.icta.com
IDRC - International Development Research
Council http://www.idrc.ca
IFEA International Festival &
Events Association http://www.ifea.com
Incentive Tour: A
trip offered as a prize, usually by a company to stimulate employee sales or
productivity.
Inquiry
- A request for
more information about an attraction or destination.
Intermodal Surface Transportation
Efficiency Act (ISTEA) http://www.dot.gov/ost/govtaffairs/istea
International Association of Convention & Visitors Bureaus -
IACVB:
Worldwide association of convention and visitors bureaus, based in Washington,
DC. http://www.iacvb.org
International
Organization for Standardization (ISO) is a world federation based in Geneva to develop voluntary
standards designed to facilitate international manufacturing, trade, and
communications.
Interpretation
- Print materials,
signage, narration, guided tours, and anything that “interprets” the site for
the visitor. Interpretation helps the
customer “interpret” the experience and explains why a particular product is
valuable. Interpretation adds value and
meaning to the experience. Common
interpretation techniques used in ecotourism include commentary on guided
tours, presentations and discussions, drama performance, musical performance,
brochures, signs, displays, and audiovisual presentations (NEAP, 2000).
ISES International Special Events
Society http://www.ises.com
ISO
14001 is the
international standard for environmental management systems.
ISTEA Intermodial Surface Transportation
Efficiency Act http://www.dot.gov/ost/govtaffairs/istea
Itinerary: Travel schedule
provided by a travel agent for his/her customer. A proposed or preliminary
itinerary may be rather vague or specific.
A final itinerary however provides all details (flight numbers,
departure times, reservation confirmation numbers) and describes planned
activities.
Life
Cycle assessment is
a variant of an EMS that tracks a product, process or activity from “cradle to
grave.” In the tourism industry, it assesses the use of resources and social
and environmental impact during three phases: 1) departure and return travel,
2) stay at the destination, and 3) activities at the destination.
Mass or
mainstream tourism are
terms commonly but loosely used to refer to popular forms of leisure tourism
pioneered in southern Europe, the Caribbean, and North America in the 1960's
and 1970's.
MPI Meeting Professionals
International http://www.mpiweb.org
Nature
tourism is travel
to unspoiled places to experience and enjoy nature.
NBTA National Business Travel
Association http://www.nbta.org
NCA National Concierge
Association http://conciergeassoc.org/index.htm
NCBNP National Coalition of Black
Meeting Planners http://www.ncbmp.com/whoweare.shtml
NCSTD -
National Council
of State Travel Directors ... The National
Council of State Tourism Directors is an industry council
of the Travel Industry Association of America www.tourstates.com
NMA National Motorists
Association http://www.motorists.com
NPCA National Parks & Conservation
Association http://www.npca.org/flash.html
NPF - National Park Foundation www.nationalparks.org/npf
NRA National Restaurant
Association http://www.restaurant.org
NTA National Tour Association http://www.ntaonline.com
Package Tour: A saleable
travel product offering an inclusive price with several travel elements that
would otherwise be purchased separately.
Usually has a predetermined price, length of time and features but can
also offer options for separate purchase.
Packager: Anyone
organizing a tour including prepaid transportation and travel services, usually
to more than one destination.
PR - Public Relations
Product
Extension - An
add-on product or service, which enhances the experience of your product and
generates additional revenue. Example
- A state park that offers guided
wildflower tours (for a fee).
Product
Life Cycle - The cyclical pattern of demand for most
products from “new and exciting” to “old and dated.” Almost all products (tourism and otherwise) have these cycles.
PRSA - Public Relations Society of
America www.prsa.org
Rack
Card - The typical
tourism brochure sized 4” x 9” and used primarily in tourism racks. Also known as a “teaser.”
Rack Rate: The official
cost posted by a hotel, attraction or rental car, but not used by tour
operators.
Reassurance
Sign - When trying
to locate an attraction, especially when the route is long and unclear, it is
critical to offer “reassurance signs” that tell the visitor they are indeed
going the right way.
Receptive
Operator - Someone
who plans to “receive” your motorcoach or tour group. They may plan your lodging, meals, attraction visits, etc. for a
fee or commission.
A tour operator or travel agent specializing in services for incoming
visitors, such as meeting them at the airport and facilitating their transfer
to lodging facilities
Reconnaissance
- An on-site
evaluation of an attraction or destination from the perspective of the
customer. Best performed by an outsider
who is not familiar with the location and who is trained in fair and scientific
methods of evaluation.
Retail Agency: Travel Company selling directly to the public, sometimes
a subdivision of a wholesale and/or retail travel organization.
RSA - Receptive Services Association www.rsana.com
SATW - Society of American Travel Writers
SGMP - Society of Government Meeting
Planners
Small
and medium enterprises (SME) are generally companies that employ less than 250 but more
than ten individuals. Companies employing less than ten people are generally
referred to as micro-enterprises (Synergy, 2000).
SMERFs
- Social,
military, educational, religious, and fraternal market segments. Usually targeted and separately tracked by
DMOs.
Southeast
Tourism Society – (STS) – Established in 1983, STS has become the premier regional membership
organization that promotes add develops tourism by pioneering programs that
have a major impact on the tourism industry regionally and nationally. STS includes an eleven state region with
520+ members from every category of the tourism industry including in our
sustaining member states (AL, FL, GA, KY, LA, MS, NC, SC, TN, VA, WV). 3400 Peachtree Rd., NE; Suite 725; Atlanta,
GA 30326 phone: 404.364.9847 fax:
404.262.9518 http://southeasttourism.org & http://www.escapetothesoutheast.com
Stakeholders
are, in the
context of this report, environmentalists, park managers, tourism industry
representatives, consumers, host countries, host communities, funders and
financiers, and others who have an interest in a particular certification
program.
Standard
is a document
approved by a recognized body that provides for common and repeated use of a
prescribed set of rules, conditions, or requirements (Toth, 2000).
Step-on
Guide - A highly
knowledgeable guide whom “steps-on” an incoming motorcoach and provides
narrative interpretation for the experience.
Some CVBs offer step-on guides for free. Sometimes an independent company offers this service for a fee.
Supplier: The actual producer of a unit of travel merchandise, such as a
carrier, hotel or sightseeing operator.
Sustainable
development is
that which “meets the needs of the present without Compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their own needs.”
Sustainable
tourism certifications are programs that measure a range of environmental, socio-cultural, and
economic equity issues both internally (within the business, service, or
product) and externally (on the surrounding community and physical
environment).
Sustainable
tourism is,
according to the World Tourism Organization, “envisaged as leading to
management of all resources in such a way that economic, social and aesthetic
needs can be fulfilled with maintaining cultural integrity, essential
ecological processes, biological diversity, and life support systems.”
TDA - Tourism Development Authority.
Teaser
Piece - A teaser
piece can either be a rack brochure (*see “rack brochure” above), or a
mailer, giveaway, or some other promotional piece that is intended to “tease”
the receiver into taking a specific action.
The
Natural Step (TNS) is
a non-profit environmental education organization founded in Sweden in 1989
that promotes both scientific principles and social equity. I
TIA Travel Industry Association of
America http://www.tia.org/default.asp
TODS - Tourist Oriented Directional
Signage
Tour: Any prearranged (but
not necessarily prepaid) journey to one or more places and back to the point of
origin.
Tourism
certification programs, such as AAA (Automobile Association of America), have typically
measured and compared quantity, service, and price, areas deemed most important
to travelers.
Tourism Industries, US Department of Commerce: The federal agency
responsible for tracking and analyzing international visitation to the United
States. http://tinet.ita.doc.gov
Tourism: Travel undertaken for pleasure. The business of providing and marketing services and
facilities for pleasure travelers. Thus, the concept of tourism is of direct
concern to governments, carriers, and the lodging, restaurant and entertainment
industries and of indirect concern to virtually every industry and business in
the world.
Tourism: Tourism is the temporary, short term movement of people to destinations outside the places where they normally live and work and their activities during the stay at each destination. (Tourism Society of England).
Tour Operator: A company
that creates and/or markets inclusive tours and/or performs tour services.
Trade
Show - A product
showcase for a specific industry.
Generally it is not open to the public. Differs from a “Consumer Show”
in that a trade show targets the professional industry, while a consumer show
targets consumers.
Travel Agent: The individual who sells travel services, issues tickets
and provides other travel services to the travel services to the traveler sat
the retail level.
Travel Industry Association of America - TIA: The non-profit
umbrella trade organization of companies and government agencies representing
all segments of the travel industry formed to promote travel to and within the
US. www.tia.org
TTRA Travel & Tourism Research
Association http://www.ttra.com/
URL – Universal Resource Locator. This is the term used for the address of a
Website. Think of a URL as similar to a
phone number or street address.
Example: http://www.rtmnet.com; http://www.usdm.net.
VFR - Visiting friends and relatives
VFRM - Visiting friends and relatives of
the military
Voluntary
initiatives within
the tourism industry are not legally required or binding and are usually
focused on
Wholesaler
- A company that
purchases large blocks of rooms, tickets, etc. and then resells to either the
public or to other travel professionals.
A company that usually creates and markets
inclusive tours and FITS for sale through travel agents. Usually sells nothing at retail (as
opposed to a travel agent who can sell any product).,
but also does not always create his/her own product; also less likely to
perform local services
WTM - World Travel Market
WTO stands for two international
organizations: 1) the World Tourism Organization, a UN-related
institution based in Madrid that collects data on tourism and lobbies on behalf
of the industry; and 2) the World Trade Organization.
ABPP - American Battlefield Protection
Program (NPS)
Accessible - The availability of a facility,
program or service to all persons regardless of an mobility, vision, hearing,
learning or other impairment
AFV - Alternative fuel vehicle. Any
dedicated, flexible-fueled, or dual-fueled vehicle designed to operate on at
least one alternative fuel.
Alternative
Fuel - Methanol,
denatured ethanol and other alcohols (separately or in mixtures of 85% or more
by volume with gasoline or other fuels) CNG, LNG, LPG, hydrogen,
"coal-derived liquid fuels'" fuels other than alcohols derived from
biological materials, electricity, neat biodiesel, and any other fuel
"substantially not petroleum" that yields substantial energy security
benefits and substantial environmental benefits.
Annual
Pass - An annual
pass allows the use of any Corps-operated boat-launching ramp or swimming beach
at any Corps project for that calendar year.
ARPA - Archeological Resource
Protection Act 16 U.S.C. 470aa (1988). 93 Stat. 721, Pub. L. 96-95. The Archeological Resources Protection Act
is a wide-ranging piece of legislation designed primarily for the protection of
archeological resources on public and Native American lands. It provides additional protection for
historic and archeological resources that are at least 100 years of age through
criminal and civil penalties and establishes a permitting system to govern
activities that further archeological knowledge.
AUPS - Automated User Permit System, a
software program used to manage the collection of user fees and issuance of
user fee permits at many Corps of Engineers campgrounds.
BIA - Bureau of Indian Affairs
Biodiesel - A biodegradable transportation
fuel for use in diesel engines that is produced using organically derived oils
or fats as feedstock. Biodiesel is used
as a component of diesel fuel. In the
future, it may be used as a replacement for diesel. B100 is 100 percent biodiesel; B20 is 20 percent biodiesel
blended with diesel.
BMP - Best Management Practices.
BPA - Blanket Purchase Agreement.
These are agreements with vendors that allow buyers to make repetitive types of
purchases over a period of time with a summarized bill sent by the vendor once
a month.
CA - Cooperative Agreement
CE – Categorical Exclusion
CEI - Center For Environmental
Innovation. Twenty National Park
Service sites are serving as models for sustainablility and green practices.
CFV - Clean Fuel Vehicle. Any vehicle certified by EPA as meeting
federal emissions standards. There are
three categories of CFV standards: LEV, ULEV, and ZEV.
Challenge
Partnership Program
- The Challenge Partnership Program (formerly “challenge cost-sharing” as
authorized by Section 225 of the Water Resources Development Act of 1992)
provides opportunities for non-Federal public and private groups and
individuals to contribute to and participate in the operation and/or management
of recreation facilities and natural resources at Corps water resource
development projects. Partnering with others provides a way to stretch the
Corps of Engineers budget by sharing the cost of operating and/or managing
recreation facilities and natural resources.
Clean
Air Act 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q (as amended in 1990), 91 Stat. 685, Pub. L.
101-549. The Clean Air Act established a regulatory
program with the goal of achieving and maintaining "national ambient air
quality standards" (NAAQS) through state or, if necessary, federal
implementation plans. The Environmental
Protection Agency is charged with promulgating "primary" NAAQS for
criteria pollutants to protect public health, allowing an adequate margin of
safety, and "secondary" NAAQS to protect the public welfare from any
known or anticipated adverse effects associated with the presence of such air
pollutant in the ambient air. The specifically provides that "effects on
welfare includes, but is not limited to, effects on solid, water, crops,
vegetation, manmade materials, animals, wildlife, weather, visibility, and
climate, damage to and deterioration of property, and hazards to
transportation, as well as effects on economic values and on personal comfort
and well-being, whether caused by transformation, conversion, or combination
with other pollutants."
Clean Water
Act (Federal Water Pollution Control Act) 33U.S.C. 1251-1376 (1988), June 30,
1948, ch. 758, 62 Stat. 1155. This Act was enacted
"to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity
of the nation's waters" by attaining the goals of providing for the
protection of fish, shellfish, wildlife, and recreation by 1983; eliminating
the discharge of pollutants into navigable waters and prohibiting the discharge
of pollutants into the waters of the United States." Most of the administration and enforcement
of its requirements has been passed on to the states, with federal
oversight. Standards promulgated by the
states are composed of three interrelated components: 1) the designated
beneficial uses of a water body such as contact recreation, drinking water
supply, or a cold water fishery; 2) the numerical or narrative criteria that
establish the limits of physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of
water that are sufficient to protect the beneficial uses; and 3) an
antidegradation provision to protect the existing uses of water.
CNG - Compressed Natural Gas. Natural gas that has been compressed under
high pressure of 2,000 to 3,600 psi in a pressurized container.
COE or
Corps or USACE -
Abbreviations for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
Cooperating
Association -
refers to a legal entity, organized under state law, which enjoys a non-profit
and tax-exempt status under Internal Revenue Service codes and which operates
under the terms of a Cooperative Agreement with the Corps of Engineers.
Cooperative
Agreement - A
cooperative agreement is a written legal instrument reflecting a relationship
between a Federal agency and a stste or local government, tribal government, or
other non-federal recipient in which the principle purpose is to transfer
money, property, services, or anything of value to the state or local
government or other recipient to stimulate or support a public purpose
authorized by federal statute.
Substantial involvement is anticipated between the federal agency and
the recipient during performance of the contemplated activity.
CVB - Convention and Visitors Bureau
Distance
Learning -Any
activity in which the learner participates in a resource education experience
from a location remote from the resource in question and without the personal
presence of a agency representative, i.e. internet, interactive CD
teleconferencing.
DOD - U.S. Department of Defense
DOE - U.S. Department of Energy. Department of the Federal government that
coordinates and manages energy conservation, supply, information dissemination,
regulation, research, development, and demonstration.
DOI - U.S. Department of the Interior
DOT - U.S. Department of
Transportation. Department of the
Federal government that handles national transportation issues.
Dual-Fuel
Vehicle : EPACT: A vehicle designed to operate on
a combination of an alternative and conventional fuel. CAA:
A vehicle with two separate fuel systems designed to run on either an
alternative fuel or conventional gasoline, using only one fuel at a time.
E10 - (Gasohol) Ethanol/gasoline containing 10 % denatured
ethanol and 90% gasoline, by volume.
E85 - Ethanol/gasoline mixture
containing 85% denatured ethanol and 15% gasoline, by volume.
EA -
Environmental Assessment/Analysis
Educational
Programming -
Activities conducted in partnership with formal education institutions and
which seek to meet both the institution’s specific education outcomes and the
agency’s resource stewardship goals.
Educational/Interpretive
Signage - Simple
sign or label that provides basic information to aid visitor in orientation to
or understanding of the location.
EIS – Environmental Impact Statement
EMRRP - Ecosystem Management and
Restoration Research Program. The EMRRP is a research program of the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers that helps decision-makers evaluate and mitigate the
environmental impacts of Corps water resource development activities at the
ecosystem level.
Endangered
Species Act of 1973 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq. (1988), 87 State. 884, Pub. L.
93-205. This Act created a powerful and effective
tool for preservation and recovery of declining species worldwide by
strengthening provisions of earlier laws and addressing some critical new
areas. Among the amendments to the Act
is the requirement that federal agencies consult with the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service if their activities may affect listed species, and requires
the agencies to develop programs for the conservation of listed species.
EPA - Environmental Protection Agency. Government agency responsible for protection
of the environment and public health, regulating air, water and land pollution,
as well as pollution from solid waste, radiation, pesticides, and toxic
substances. EPA also controls emissions
from motor vehicles, fuels, and fuel additives.
Ethanol - (also known as ethyl alcohol,
grain alcohol, ch3ch2oh) An alcohol
fuel produced from fermentation of various sugars from carbohydrates found in
agricultural crops and cellulosic residues from crops or wood. When used as a gasoline octane enhancer and
oxygenate, it increases octane by 2.5 to 3 numbers at 10% concentration. Ethanol can also be used in higher
concentration in AFVs that have been designed or converted for its use.
Executive
Order 13101 (1998). This Order required all Federal agencies to
purchase recycled content products that meet or exceed EPA guidelines unless
there is a price, performance, or availability justification for not doing so.
Executive
Order 13149 (1999).
This Order required all federal agency fleets to use re-refined oil unless it
is not available or does not meet performance needs. The Order also established EPA's Comprehensive Procurement
Guidelines that designate a variety of environmentally friendly products that
should be purchased by all Federal agencies.
FAA - Federal Aviation Administration
FAR - Federal Acquisition Regulation.
The FAR was established to codify uniform policies for acquisition of supplies
and services by executive agencies. It is issued and maintained jointly, under
the statutory authorities granted to the Secretary of Defense, Administrator of
General Services and the Administrator, National Aeronautics and Space
Administration. Statutory authorities to issue and revise the FAR have been
delegated to the Procurement Executives in DOD, GSA, and NASA.
FFV - Flexible Fuel Vehicle. Vehicles with a common fuel tank designed to
run on varying blends of unleaded gasoline with either ethanol or methanol.
FHWA - U.S. Federal Highway
Administration
FLETC - Federal Law Enforcement Training
Center (Glenco, Georgia)
FMP - Fire Management Plan, Forest
Management Plan
FONSI – Finding of No Significant Impact
FY - An acronym for Fiscal Year, the
accounting period used by the federal government, which begins on 1 October and
ends on 30 September.
GA - General Agreement
GD&S - Geospatial Data and Systems
(GD&S) is an all-encompassing term that refers to data referenced (directly
or indirectly) to a location on the earth and the systems that generate and
process the data. Systems that employ geospatial data include Geograhic
Information Systems (GIS), Land Information Systems (LIS), Remote Sensing or
Image Processing Systems, Computer-Aided Design and Drafting (CADD) systems,
Automated Mapping/Facilities Management (AM/FM) Systems, and other computer
systems that employ or reference data using either absolute, relative, or
assumed coordinates such as hydrographic surveying systems.
GIS - Geographic Information System,
an information system that is designed to work with data referenced by spatial
or geographic coordinates. In other words, a GIS is both a database system with
specific capabilities for spatially referenced data, as well as a set of
operations for working [analysis] with the data.
Golden
Access Passport -
The Golden Access Passport is an entrance pass to national parks, national
wildlife refuges, Forest Service, and Bureau of Land Management sites that
charge entrance fees. It also provides a 50% discount on federal recreation use
fees. It is a lifetime pass for citizens or permanent residents of the United
States that are legally blind or permanently disabled. It may be obtained in
person at any national park, national wildlife refuge, Corps of Engineers,
Forest Service sites, or Bureau of Land Management offices. Proof of medically
determined permanent disability or eligibility for receiving benefits under
federal law must be shown.
Golden
Age Passport - The
Golden Age Passport is an entrance pass to national parks, national wildlife
refuges, Forest Service, and Bureau of Land Management sites that charge
entrance fees. It also provides a 50% discount on federal recreation use fees.
It is a lifetime pass for citizens or permanent residents of the United States
that are age 62 or older. It may be purchased for $10 in person at any national
park, national wildlife refuge, Corps of Engineers, Forest Service sites, or
Bureau of Land Management offices. Proof of age must be shown.
GPO - Government Printing Office
GPS - A Global Positioning System is a
satellite-based radionavigation system developed and operated by the U.S.
Department of Defense (DOD). GPS permits land, sea, and airborne users to
determine their three-dimensional position, velocity, and time 24 hours a day,
in all weather, anywhere in the world with a precision and accuracy far better
than other radionavigation systems available today or in the foreseeable
future.
Green
Energy - Energy
from renewable sources such as solar, wind, or geothermal.
GSA - U.S. General Services
Administration. Since 1949, GSA has housed federal workers and provided
products and services to support the important work of government throughout
the country. GSA does it by negotiating contracts that account for $40 billion
of goods and services bought annually from the private sector.
HEV - Hybrid Electric Vehicle. A vehicle which is powered by two or more
fuels, one of which is electricity.
IA - Interagency Agreement.
INFRA – Infrastructure Database
Interagency
Agreement - A
written agreement between two or more Federal agencies in which one of the
federal agencies provides goods, property, or services to the other agency (requesting agency). Such agreements are typically entered into
under the authority of the Economy Act.
Interpretative
Programming -
Activities conducted in a recreational environment which seek to connect the
participants to the meanings and values of the resource being experienced.
KCFC - Kentucky Clean Fuels Coalition
KFATC - Kentucky Federal Agency Tourism
Council
KTC - Kentucky Tourism Council
LBL - Land Between The Lakes (located
in Kentucky and Tennessee)
LCS - List of Classified Structures
LEEDS -
GBRS - Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Green Building Rating
System - A voluntary building rating system that
evaluates environmental performance from a
"whole building" perspective over a building's life
cycle. A program of the U S Green
Building Council.
LIC - Line Item Construction (NPS)
LPG - Gaseous hydrocarbon mixture
separated from natural gas and petroleum. Commonly called propane.
LRMP - Land
and Resource Management Plan
LSV - Low Speed Vehicle. Battery-powered vehicle, sometimes called a
neighborhood vehicle.
M85 - Fuel with 85% methanol and 15%
gasoline, by volume, used as fuel in FFVs.
Memorandum
of Agreement - A
written agreement between a federal Agency and State or local governments,
on-profit organizations, corporations, individuals, or other federal agencies
used to document receipt of funds, goods, and/or services by a Federal agency. This type of agreement allows a non-federal
entity to reimburse a Federal agency for supplies, property, and/or
services. This type of agreement may
also establish the administrative framework for entering into subsequent
agreements that allow for the expenditure of funds, but they never are used to
expend Federal funds.
Memorandum
of Understanding -
A written agreement between a Federal agency and state, or local governments,
non-profit organizations, corporations, individuals, or other agencies used to
document mutual assistance relationships.
A Memorandum of Agreement does not expend nor receive funds.
Methanol - (also known as methyl alcohol,
wood alcohol, ch3oh). A liquid fuel
usually manufactured from natural gas.
MIS - Management Indicator Species
MOA - Memorandum of Agreement.
MOU - Memorandum of Understanding.
MP - Master Plan.
NAAQS - National Ambient Air Quality
Standards. Standards for air
pollutants regulated under the Clean Air Act, including ozone, carbon monoxide,
nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, lead, and particulate matter.
NAGPRA - Native American Graves
Protection and Repatriation Act 25 U.S.C. 3001, Pub. L. 101-601 (November 16,
1990). This act provides for
consultation with native American tribes and native Hawaiian organizations
regarding the cultural affiliation, ownership, and disposition of human remains and associated material
culture which are excavated or discovered on federal lands. The Act also provides defines criminal
penalties for illegal trafficking in Native American human remains and cultural
items.
NASPD - National Association of State
Park Directors
National
Historic Preservation Act of 1966 16 U.S.C. 470 et seq. (1966), 80 Stat. 915,
Pub. L. 89-665. This Act authorizes the Secretary
of the Interior to "expand and maintain a national register of districts,
sites, building, structures, and objects significant in American history,
architecture, archeology, and culture" and to dispense matching
grants-in-aid to the states for historical surveys, preservation plans, and the
acquisition and development of historic properties.
National
Park Service Organic Act 16U.S.C. 1 et seq. (1988), Aug. 25, 1916, ch. 408, 39
Stat.535. There is created in the Department of the
Interior a service to be called the National Park Service, which shall be under
the charge of a director. The Secretary
of the Interior shall appoint the director, and there shall also be in said
service such subordinate officers, clerks, and employees as may be appropriated
for by Congress. The service thus
established shall promote and regulate the use of federal areas known as
national parks, monuments, and reservations hereinafter specified, except such
as are under the jurisdiction of the secretary of the Army, as provided by law,
by such means and measures as conform to the fundamental purpose of the said
parks, monuments, and reservations, which purpose is to conserve the scenery
and the natural and historic objects and the wildlife therein and to provide
for the enjoyment of the same in such manner and by such means as will leave
them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations.
NB - National Battlefield (NPS)
NBP - National Battlefield Park (NPS)
Neat Fuel -